Sunday, October 10, 2010

Learn french lesson 5

Regular verbs
-er

-re
aimer
/eme/
to like, love

vendre
/vɑ̃dʀ/
to sell
chanter
/ʃɑ̃te/
to sing

attendre
/atɑ̃dʀ/
to wait for
chercher
/ʃɛʀʃe/
to look for

entendre
/ɑ̃tɑ̃dʀ/
to hear
commencer
/kɔmɑ̃se/
to begin

perdre
/pɛʀdʀ/
to lose
donner
/dɔne/
to give

répondre (à)
/ʀepɔ̃dʀ/
to answer
étudier
/etydje/
to study

descendre
/dɛsɑ̃dʀ/
to go down
fermer
/fɛʀme/
to close
   
1st -ir
habiter
/abite/
to live

bâtir
/bɑtiʀ/
to build
jouer
/ʒwe/
to play

finir
/finiʀ/
to finish
manger
/mɑ̃ʒe/
to eat

choisir
/ʃwaziʀ/
to choose
montrer
/mɔ̃tʀe/
to show

punir
/pyniʀ/
to punish
parler
/paʀle/
to speak

remplir
/ʀɑ̃pliʀ/
to fill
penser
/pɑ̃se/
to think

obéir (à)
/ɔbeiʀ/
to obey
travailler
/tʀavaje/
to work

réussir
/ʀeysiʀ/
to succeed
trouver
/tʀuve/
to find

guérir
/geʀiʀ/
to cure, heal
If a verb is followed by à (like répondre) you have to use the à and any contractions after the conjugated verb.  Ex: Je réponds au téléphone. I answer the phone.
* The 2nd -ir verbs are considered irregular sometimes because there are only a few verbs which follow that pattern.  Other verbs like partir are sortir /sɔʀtiʀ/ (to go out), dormir /dɔʀmiʀ/ (to sleep), mentir /mɑ̃tiʀ/ (to lie), sentir /sɑ̃tiʀ/ (to smell, feel) and servir /sɛʀviʀ/ (to serve.)
You can also download a list of the 681 most common verbs in French (available in PDF format.)

29. Pronominal (Reflexive) Verbs
These verbs are conjugated like normal verbs, but they require an extra pronoun before the verb.  Most indicate a reflexive action but some are idiomatic and can't be translated literally.  The pronouns are:
me
/mə/
nous
/nu/
te
/tə/
vous
/vu/
se
/sə/
se
/sə/

Some Pronominal Verbs
s'amuser
/samyze/
to have fun
se brosser
/səbʀɔse/
to brush
se lever
/sələve/
to get up
se maquiller
/səmakije/
to put on makeup
se laver
/səlave/
to wash (oneself)
se casser
/səkase/
to break (arm, leg, etc.)
se dépêcher
/sədepeʃe/
to hurry
se réveiller
/səʀeveje/
to wake up
se peigner
/səpeɲe/
to comb
se raser
/səʀɑze/
to shave
s'habiller
/sabije/
to get dressed
s'ennuyer
/sɑ̃nɥije/
to get bored
se marier
/səmaʀje/
to get married
se promener
/səpʀɔmne/
to take a walk
se reposer
/səʀəpoze/
to rest
s'intéresser à
/sɛ̃teʀese a/
to be interested in
se souvenir de
/səsuvniʀ də/
to remember
s'entraîner
/sɑ̃tʀene/
to train/practice
s'entendre bien
/sɑ̃tɑ̃dʀbjɛ̃/
to get along well
se détendre
/sədetɑ̃dʀ/
to relax
se coucher
/səkuʃe/
to go to bed




When used in the infinitive, such as after another verb, the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject of the sentence.  
Je vais me coucher maintenant.  I'm going to go to bed.
Tu veux t'asseoir ? Do you want to sit down?

Sample Irregular Pronominal Verb
s'asseoir - to sit down /saswaʀ/
je m'assieds
/ʒəmasjɛ/
nous nous asseyons
/nunuzasejɔ̃/
tu t'assieds
/tytasjɛ/
vous vous asseyez
/vuvusaseje/
il s'assied
/ilsasjɛ/
ils s'asseyent
/ilsasej/

30. Irregularities in Regular Verbs
1. Verbs that end in -ger and -cer:   The nous form of manger isn't mangons, but mangeons.  The e has to stay so the g can retain the soft sound.   The nous form of commencer isn't commencons, but commençons.  The c must have the accent (called a cedilla) under it to make the c sound soft.
manger-to eat /mɑ̃ʒe/

commencer-to begin /kɔmɑ̃se/
mange
/mɑ̃ʒ/
mangeons
/mɑ̃ʒɔ̃/

commence
/kɔmɑ̃s/
commençons
/kɔmɑ̃sɔ̃/
manges
/mɑ̃ʒ/
mangez
/mɑ̃ʒe/

commences
/kɔmɑ̃s/
commencez
/kɔmɑ̃se/
mange
/mɑ̃ʒ/
mangent
/mɑ̃ʒ/

commence
/kɔmɑ̃s/
commencent
/kɔmɑ̃s/
2. Verbs that add or change to an accent grave:  Some verbs add or change to an accent grave (è) in all the forms except the nous and vous.
acheter-to buy /aʃte/
espérer-to hope /ɛspeʀe/
j'achète
/aʃɛt/
achetons
/aʃtɔ̃/
j'espère
/ɛspɛʀ/
espérons
/ɛspeʀɔ̃/
achètes
/aʃɛt/
achetez
/aʃte/
espères
/ɛspɛʀ/
espérez
/ɛspeʀe/
achète
/aʃɛt/
achètent
/aʃɛt/
espère
/ɛspɛʀ/
espèrent
/ɛspɛʀ/
3. Verbs that are conjugated as -er verbs: Some -ir verbs are conjugated with -er endings.  Examples: ouvrir-to open /uvʀiʀ/, couvrir-to cover /kuvʀiʀ/, découvrir-to discover /dekuvʀiʀ/ and souffrir-to suffer /sufʀiʀ/
offrir-to offer /ɔfʀiʀ/
j'offre
/ɔfʀ/
offrons
/ɔfʀɔ̃/
offres
/ɔfʀ/
offrez
/ɔfʀe/
offre
/ɔfʀ/
offrent
/ɔfʀ/
4. Verbs that end in -yer: Change the y to an i in all forms except the nous and vous.  Examples: nettoyer-to clean /netwaje/, payer-to pay /peje/, and essayer-to try /eseje/
envoyer-to send /ɑ̃vwaje/
j'envoie
/ɑ̃vwa/
envoyons
/ɑ̃vwajɔ̃/
envoies
/ɑ̃vwa/
envoyez
/ɑ̃vwaje/
envoie
/ɑ̃vwa/
envoient
/ɑ̃vwa/
5. Verbs that double the consonant:  Some verbs, including jeter-to throw /ʒəte/, double the consonant in all forms except the nous and vous.
appeler-to call /aple/
j'appelle
/apɛl/
appelons
/aplɔ̃/
appelles
/apɛl/
appelez
/aple/
appelle
/apɛl/
appellent
/apɛl/

31. Present Perfect Tense or Passe Compose

You have learned the present indicative so far, which expresses what happens, is happening, or does happen now; but if you want to say something happened, or has happened, you use the passé composé.  The passé composé is used for actions that happened only once, a specified number of times or during a specified period of time, and as a result or consequence of another action.  All you need to learn are the past participles of the verbs.

Regular Verbs: Formation of the Past Participle
-er
-re
-u
-ir
-i
Then conjugate avoir and add the past participle:
J'ai aimé le concert.
I liked the concert.
Tu as habité ici ?
You lived here?
Il a répondu au téléphone.
He answered (or has answered) the telephone.
Nous avons fini le projet.
We finished (or have finished) the project.
Elles ont rempli les tasses.
They filled (or have filled) the cups.
To make it negative, put the ne and pas around the conjugated form of avoir.
Je n'ai pas aimé le concert.
I didn't like the concert.
Il n'a pas répondu.
He didn't answer (or hasn't answered) .
Elles n'ont pas rempli les tasses.
They didn't fill (or haven't filled)  the glasses.

32. Irregular Past Participles
avoir
to have
eu
/y/
had
connaître
to know
connu
/kɔny/
known
croire
to believe
cru
/kʀy/
believed
devoir
to have to
/dy/
had to
dire
to tell
dit
/di/
said
écrire
to write
écrit
/ekʀi/
written
être
to be
été
/ete/
been
faire
to do, make
fait
/fɛ/
made
lire
to read
lu
/ly/
read
mettre
to put
mis
/mi/
put
permettre
to permit
permis
/pɛʀmi/
permitted
promettre
to promise
promis
/pʀɔmi/
promised
ouvrir
to open
ouvert
/uvɛʀ/
opened
offrir
to offer
offert
/ɔfɛʀ/
offered
pouvoir
to be able to
pu
/py/
was able to
prendre
to take
pris
/pʀi/
taken
apprendre
to learn
appris
/apʀi/
learned
comprendre
to understand
compris
/kɔ̃pʀi/
understood
surprendre
to surprise
surpris
/syʀpʀi/
surprised
recevoir
to receive
reçu
/ʀəsy/
received
rire
to laugh
ri
/ʀi/
laughed
savoir
to know
su
/sy/
known
voir
to see
vu
/vy/
seen
vouloir
to want
voulu
/vuly/
wanted

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