| Bulgarian | bulgare | /bylgaʀ/ | New Zealander | néo-zélandais/e | /neozelɑ̃dɛ/ /ɛz/ |
| Cambodia | le Cambodge | /kɑ̃bɔdʒ/ | Norway | la Norvège | /nɔʀvɛʒ/ |
| Cambodian | cambodgien/ne | /kɑ̃bɔdʒjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ | Norwegian | norvégien/ne | /nɔʀveʒjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
| Canada | le Canada | /kanada/ | Poland | la Pologne | /pɔlɔɲ/ |
| Canadian | canadien/ne | /kanadjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ | Polish | polonais/e | /pɔlɔnɛ/ /ɛz/ |
| China | la Chine | /ʃin/ | Portugal | le Portugal | /pɔʀtygal/ |
| Chinese | chinois/e | /ʃinwa/ /az/ | Portuguese | portugais/e | /pɔʀtygɛ/ /ɛz/ |
| Croatia | la Croatie | /kʀɔasi/ | Quebec | le Québéc | /kebɛk/ |
| Croatian | croate | /kʀɔat/ | Quebecker | québécois/e | /kebekwa/ /az/ |
| Czech Republic | la République Tchèque | /ʀepyblik tʃɛk/ | Romania | la Roumanie | /ʀumani/ |
| Czech | tchèque | /tʃɛk/ | Romanian | roumain/e | /ʀumɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
| Denmark | le Danemark | /danmaʀk/ | Russia | la Russie | /ʀysi/ |
| Danish | danois/e | /danwa/ /az/ | Russian | russe | /ʀys/ |
| Egypt | l'Egypte (f) | /eʒipt/ | Scotland | l'Ecosse | /ekɔs/ |
| Egyptian | égyptien/e | /eʒipsjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ | Scottish | écossais/e | /ekɔsɛ/ /ɛz/ |
| England | l'Angleterre (f) | /ɑ̃glətɛʀ/ | Senegal | le Sénégal | /senegal/ |
| English | anglais/e | /ɑ̃glɛ/ /ɛz/ | Senegalese | sénégalais/e | /senegalɛ/ /ɛz/ |
| Estonia | l'Estonie | /ɛstɔni/ | Serbia | la Serbie | /sɛʀbi/ |
| Estonian | estonien/ne | /ɛstonjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ | Serbian | serbe | /sɛʀb/ |
| Europe | l'Europe (f) | /øʀɔp/ | Slovakia | la Slovaquie | /slɔvaki/ |
| European | européen/ne | /øʀɔpeɛ̃/ /ɛn/ | Slovak | slovaque | /slɔvak/ |
| Finland | la Finlande | /fɛ̃lɑ̃d/ | Slovenia | la Slovénie | /slɔveni/ |
| Finnish | finnois/e | /finwa/ /az/ | Slovene | slovène | /slɔvɛn/ |
| France | la France | /fʀɑ̃s/ | Spain | l'Espagne (f) | /ɛspaɲ/ |
| French | français/e | /fʀɑ̃sɛ/ /ɛz/ | Spanish | espagnol/e | /ɛspaɲɔl/ |
| Germany | l'Allemagne (f) | /almaɲ/ | Sweden | la Suède | /sɥɛd/ |
| German | allemand/e | /almɑ̃/ /ɑ̃d/ | Swedish | suédois/e | /sɥedwa/ /az/ |
| Great Britain | la Grande-Bretagne | /gʀɑ̃dbʀətaɲ/ | Switzerland | la Suisse | /sɥis/ |
| British | britannique | /bʀitanik/ | Swiss | suisse | /sɥis/ |
| Greece | la Grèce | /gʀɛs/ | Taiwan | le Taïwan | /tajwan/ |
| Greek | grec / grecque | /gʀɛk/ | Taiwanese | taïwanais/e | /tajwanɛ/ /ɛz/ |
| Hungary | la Hongrie | /'ɔ̃gʀi/ | Tunisia | la Tunisie | /tynizi/ |
| Hungarian | hongrois/e | /'ɔ̃gʀwa/ /az/ | Tunisian | tunisien/ne | /tynizjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
| Iceland | l'Islande | /islɑ̃d/ | Turkey | la Turquie | /tyʀki/ |
| Icelandic | islandais/e | /islɑ̃dɛ/ /ɛz/ | Turk | turc / turcque | /tyʀk/ |
| India | l'Inde | /ɛ̃d/ | Ukraine | l'Ukraine | /ykʀɛn/ |
| Indian | indien/ne | /ɛ̃djɛ̃/ /ɛn/ | Ukrainian | ukrainien/ne | /ykʀɛnjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
| Indonesia | l'Indonésie (f) | /ɛ̃dɔnezi/ | United Kingdom | la Royaume-Uni | /ʀwajomyni/ |
| Indonesian | indonésien/ne | /ɛ̃dɔnezjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ | United States | les Etats-Unis | /etazyni/ |
| Ireland | l'Irlande (f) | /iʀlɑ̃d/ | Vietnam | le Vietnam | /viɛtnam/ |
| Irishman | irlandais/e | /iʀlɑ̃dɛ/ /ɛz/ | Vietnamese | vietnamien/ne | /vjɛtnamjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
| Israel | l'Israël | /isʀael/ | Wales | le Pays-de-Galles | /peidəgal/ |
| Israeli | israëlien/ne | /isʀaeljɛ̃/ /ɛn/ | Welsh | gallois/e | /galwɑ/ /ɑz/ |
To make sentences negative, simply put ne and pas around the verb. In spoken French, however, the ne is frequently omitted, but it cannot be omitted in written French. And when you are replying "yes" to a negative question, you use si and not oui (though in Quebec, it is perfectly fine to just use oui).
Je suis du Canada. I am from Canada.
Je ne suis pas du Mexique. I am not from Mexico.
Je suis française. I am French (feminine.)
Je ne suis pas suisse. I am not Swiss. (masculine or feminine)
Il est australien. He is Australian.
Elle n'est pas danoise. She is not Danish.
Elles sont des Etats-Unis. They are from the United States.
Ils ne sont pas du Portugal. They are not from Portugal.
Je parle chinois et japonais. I speak Chinese and Japanese.
Je ne parle pas suédois. I don't speak Swedish.
Vous n'êtes pas du Brésil ? You aren't from Brazil?
Si, nous sommes du Brésil. Yes, we are from Brazil.
| | Places | | Cities | | Countries | |||
| Masc. | au | du | | à | de | | au | du |
| Fem. | à la | de la | | à | de | | en | de |
| Vowel | à l' | de l' | | à | d' | | en | d' |
| Plural | aux | des | | aux | des | | aux | des |
Je vais à la boulangerie. I'm going to the bakery.
Il vient de Londres. He comes from London.
On va en France demain. We're going to France tomorrow.
Tu viens du Mexique ? You come from Mexico?
Il vient de Londres. He comes from London.
On va en France demain. We're going to France tomorrow.
Tu viens du Mexique ? You come from Mexico?
| Prepositions with Regions, Provinces & States | ||
| | To / In | From |
| Feminine | en | de |
| Islands | à | de / d' |
| Masc. w/ Vowel | en / dans l' | d' / de l' |
| Masc. w/ Consonant | au / dans le | du |
Elles habitent en Californie. They live in California.
Il est de Haute-Savoie. He is from Haute-Savoie.
Ce fromage vient du Nord. This cheese comes from Nord.
Je veux voyager dans le Texas. I want to travel in Texas.
Il est de Haute-Savoie. He is from Haute-Savoie.
Ce fromage vient du Nord. This cheese comes from Nord.
Je veux voyager dans le Texas. I want to travel in Texas.
| Venir-to come /vəniʀ/ | |||||||||||
| Present | Past (Imperfect) | Future | |||||||||
| viens | /vjɛ̃/ | venons | /vənɔ̃/ | venais | /vənɛ/ | venions | /vənjɔ̃/ | viendrai | /vijɛndʀɛ/ | viendrons | /vijɛndʀɔ̃/ |
| viens | /vjɛ̃/ | venez | /vəne/ | venait | /vənɛ/ | veniez | /vənje/ | viendras | /vijɛndʀa/ | viendrez | /vijɛndʀe/ |
| vient | /vjɛ̃/ | viennent | /vijɛn/ | venait | /vənɛ/ | venaient | /vənɛ/ | viendra | /vijɛndʀa/ | viendront | /vijɛndʀɔ̃/ |
| Aller-to go /ale/ | |||||||||||
| Present | Past (Imperfect) | Future | |||||||||
| vais | /vɛ/ | allons | /alɔ̃/ | j'allais | /ʒalɛ/ | allions | /alijɔ̃/ | j'irai | /ʒiʀɛ/ | irons | /iʀɔ̃/ |
| vas | /va/ | allez | /ale/ | allais | /alɛ/ | alliez | /alije/ | iras | /iʀa/ | irez | /iʀe/ |
| va | /va/ | vont | /vɔ̃/ | allait | /alɛ/ | allaient | /alɛ/ | ira | /iʀa/ | iront | /iʀɔ̃/ |
Je viens des Etats-Unis. I come from the United States.
Il tient un crayon. He's holding a pencil.
Nous allons en Espagne. We're going to Spain.
Tu ne vas pas au Brésil cet été. You're not going to Brazil this summer.
► Aller + an infinitive means "going to do something."
Ils vont aller en Angleterre. They are going to go to England.
Elle va parler russe. She's going to speak Russian.
Je vais devenir professeur. I'm going to become a professor.
► Aller is also used idiomatically when talking about health.
Comment vas-tu ? How are you?
Je vais bien. I'm fine.
► Venir de + an infinitive means "to have just done something."
Il vient d'aller en Finlande. He just went to Finland.
Vous venez de manger une pomme. You just ate an apple.
Verbs in French end in -er, -re, or -ir. The verb before it is conjugated is called the infinitive. Removing the last two letters leaves you with the stem (aimer is the infinitive, aim- is the stem.) The present indicative tense indicates an ongoing action, general state, or habitual activity. Besides the simple present tense (I write, I run, I see); there are two other forms of the present tense in English: the progressive (I am writing, I am running, etc.) and the emphatic (I do write, I do run, etc.) However, these three English present tenses are all translated by the present indicative tense in French.
To conjugate verbs in the present tense, use the stem and add the following endings.
| -er | | -re | | 1st -ir | | 2nd -ir* | ||||
| -e | -ons | | -s | -ons | | -is | -issons | | -s | -ons |
| -es | -ez | | -s | -ez | | -is | -issez | | -s | -ez |
| -e | -ent | | - | -ent | | -it | -issent | | -t | -ent |
| Sample Regular Verbs in the Present tense | ||||||||
| aimer - to like, love | | vendre - to sell | ||||||
| aime | /em/ | aimons | /emɔ̃/ | | vends | /vɑ̃/ | vendons | /vɑ̃dɔ̃/ |
| aimes | /em/ | aimez | /eme/ | | vends | /vɑ̃/ | vendez | /vɑ̃de/ |
| aime | /em/ | aiment | /em/ | | vend | /vɑ/̃ | vendent | /vɑ̃d/ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| finir - to finish | | partir - to leave | ||||||
| finis | /fini/ | finissons | /finisɔ̃/ | | pars | /paʀ/ | partons | /paʀtɔ̃/ |
| finis | /fini/ | finissez | /finise/ | | pars | /paʀ/ | partez | /paʀte/ |
| finit | /fini/ | finissent | /finis/ | | part | /paʀ/ | partent | /paʀt/ |
Notice how several conjugations are pronounced the same. This is why you must use the subject pronouns in French.
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